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Does Soil Contribute to the Human Gut Microbiome?

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The human gut microbiome has lost diversity due to modern lifestyles, impacting health. Restoring contact with soil microbes may help replenish beneficial gut microbes and improve health.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Human Health

Background:

  • The human gut microbiome and soil harbor similar numbers of active microorganisms.
  • Human gut microbiome diversity is significantly lower than soil biodiversity and has declined with modern lifestyles.
  • Modern lifestyles, including hygiene and diet, have reduced beneficial gut microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between soil and human intestinal microbiomes.
  • To propose a novel environmental microbiome hypothesis linking soil and gut microbiomes.
  • To understand the impact of urbanization and modern practices on microbial diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking relationships between soil and human intestinal microbiomes.
  • Analyzing changes in microbial diversity (alpha and beta) from hunter-gatherer to urban societies.
  • Comparing microbial cycles in urban versus pre-industrial rural environments.

Main Results:

  • Human gut alpha diversity has decreased, while beta diversity has increased in urban populations.
  • Loss of soil biodiversity is concurrent with increased lifestyle diseases.
  • Agrochemicals and intensive agriculture negatively affect soil microbial biodiversity.

Conclusions:

  • A close, evolved linkage exists between soil and human gut microbiomes.
  • Modern environments disrupt this linkage, leading to reduced microbial diversity and increased disease.
  • Re-establishing contact with soil/root microbiomes may be crucial for replenishing the human gut microbiome.