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Published on: January 10, 2022
Impact of the Microbiome on the Human Genome
Thiviya Jeyakumar1, Nicole Beauchemin2, Philippe Gros3
1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; McGill Center for the Study of Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Abstract:
Humans live in a microbial world that includes pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and fungi that cause lethal infections. In addition, a large number of microbial communities inhabit mucosal surfaces where they provide key metabolic activities, facilitating adaptation to changing environments. New genome technologies enable both sequencing of the human genome and sequence-based cataloging of microbial communities inhabiting human mucosal surfaces. These have revealed intricate two-way relationships between the microbiome and the genome, including strong effects of human genotypes on the composition and activity of the microbiome. Likewise, the microbiome plays an important role in training and regulating the immune system, and acts to modify expression of human genetic risk for debilitating chronic inflammatory and immune conditions. These studies are suggesting a new role of the microbiome in human health and disease.
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