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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
Published on: April 28, 2019
Brainstem encephalitis caused by Coxsackie A16 virus in a rituximab-immunosuppressed patient
Ruaridh Cameron Smail1, John H O'Neill2, David Andresen2
1Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Saint Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
Abstract:
Rituximab and other B cell depleting agents are increasingly used for haematological, immunological and neurological diseases. In a small minority, immunosuppression leads to increased virulence of normally mild infections. Brainstem encephalitis has been described occurring after infection from enteroviruses, more commonly in the paediatric population, but also in immunosuppressed adults. In this paper, we describe an enteroviral brainstem encephalitis in a rituximab-immunosuppressed patient. The enterovirus identified was Coxsackie A16, which has never yet been reported to cause brainstem encephalitis in an adult.
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