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Vertical support use and primate origins.

Gabriel S Yapuncich1, Henry J Feng2, Rachel H Dunn3

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The posterior trochlear shelf (PTS) in primate ankles may have evolved to enhance grasping of vertical supports. This trait, crucial for early primate evolution, likely improved foot stability and grasping efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Functional Morphology
  • Primate Evolution

Background:

  • Crown primate origins are debated due to unclear trait evolution.
  • The posterior trochlear shelf (PTS) is a key primate trait with unknown adaptive significance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel biomechanical function for the PTS.
  • To investigate the adaptive significance of the PTS in primate evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled the talus bone as a cam mechanism.
  • Surveyed primate and closest relative talus bone morphology.
  • Analyzed fossil tali from early crown primates.

Main Results:

  • The PTS is most developed in extant primates that grasp vertical supports with dorsiflexed feet.
  • Early fossil primate tali show more developed PTS cam mechanisms than extant primates.
  • The PTS likely enhances grasping efficiency in dorsiflexed foot postures.

Conclusions:

  • Habitual vertical support use was a significant selective pressure during crown primate origins.
  • The PTS functions as a passive mechanism to improve digital flexion and reduce energetic demands.
  • This study provides anatomical evidence for the adaptive role of the PTS in early primate evolution.