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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
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Melatonin and its ubiquitous anticancer effects.

Sankha Bhattacharya1, Krishna Kumar Patel1, Deepa Dehari1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|August 28, 2019
PubMed
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Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone, exhibits significant anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis and hindering tumor growth. This review explores its mechanisms and potential as an adjuvant cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a pleiotropic molecule secreted by the pineal gland.
  • Beyond circadian regulation, melatonin possesses antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties.
  • Epidemiological research suggests melatonin has significant apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, oncostatic, and anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anticancer mechanisms of melatonin.
  • To discuss the role of melatonin in cancer treatment, including its use as an adjuvant therapy.
  • To highlight the anticancer efficiency and epidemiological relevance of melatonin.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on melatonin's anticancer mechanisms.
  • Discussion of molecular pathways involved in melatonin's anti-cancer effects.
  • Examination of epidemiological data and clinical applications of melatonin in oncology.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin exerts anticancer effects through apoptosis stimulation, melatonin receptor (MT1 and MT2) activation, and regulation of pro-survival signals.
  • Melatonin hinders angiogenesis, alters epigenetic modifications, and inhibits metastasis in various cancer cells.
  • Melatonin shows potential as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin demonstrates significant anticancer potential through multiple molecular mechanisms.
  • Its multifaceted actions make it a promising agent for cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into melatonin's therapeutic applications in oncology is warranted.