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Colin Veenstra1, Anki Lenferink1, Wilma Petersen1

  • 1Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

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Summary

Optics and photonics offer new ways to study human milk composition. This research provides a full set of optical properties for human milk, crucial for understanding lactation and infant nutrition.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics
  • Optical Physics
  • Human Milk Analysis

Background:

  • Human milk is vital for infant nutrition, yet objective methods to study its composition during breastfeeding issues are limited.
  • Optics and photonics present promising avenues for investigating human milk and lactation physiology.
  • Understanding light interaction with human milk is fundamental for developing new diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively investigate the optical properties of mature human milk.
  • To analyze the biological variability of these optical properties.
  • To establish a foundation for future biophotonic applications in human milk research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (SR-DRS) and spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (sOCT) in the 450-650 nm range.
  • Quantified absorption coefficient (µa), scattering coefficient (µs), reduced scattering coefficient (µs'), anisotropy (g), and backscattering coefficient (µb).
  • Analyzed milk samples from 14 participants at different lactation stages (foremilk, bulk, hindmilk).

Main Results:

  • Established a complete set of optical properties for human milk.
  • Found significant correlations between optical properties (µa, µs, µs', µb) and fat concentration (R=0.38-0.80).
  • Explained variations using Mie theory, relating them to fat globule concentration and size distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Provided essential optical property data for human milk.
  • These findings support the development of novel biophotonic tools for analyzing human milk.
  • This work serves as a basis for future research on human milk and the lactating breast.