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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
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Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Resolving biofilm topography by native scanning electron microscopy.

Neta Raab1,2, Ido Bachelet1

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This study introduces a rapid, chemical-free method for visualizing bacterial biofilms in their native state using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The new technique significantly reduces preparation time, enabling high-resolution imaging of biofilm structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Microscopy
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is crucial for structural analysis but involves lengthy, chemical-intensive sample preparation.
  • Existing SEM protocols can alter the native state of biological samples, potentially affecting structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultra-rapid and chemical-free technique for visualizing bacterial biofilms.
  • To enable high-resolution imaging of biofilms in their native, unaltered state.
  • To reduce the time from sample culture to imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented an innovative, chemical-free sample preparation protocol for SEM.
  • Minimized the time interval from bacterial biofilm culture to imaging to approximately 20 minutes.
  • Utilized scanning electron microscopy for high-resolution imaging of prepared samples.

Main Results:

  • Achieved visualization of bacterial biofilms in their native state.
  • Generated high-resolution images revealing topographic features like bacterial chains.
  • Successfully resolved individual bacterial cells from the surrounding matrix.
  • Demonstrated the technique's utility with *Bacillus subtilis* biofilms.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ultra-rapid, chemical-free SEM technique offers a significant advancement in biofilm visualization.
  • This method preserves the native state of biofilms, providing more accurate structural insights.
  • The technique shows potential for broad application in biofilm research and adaptation for other biological samples.