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T M S Cavalero1, F O Papa1, R A Schmith1

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This study compared protocols for inducing ejaculation in stallions, finding that detomidine-based protocols, particularly IDO, are effective alternatives to imipramine-based protocols (IX). Both methods yielded similar semen quality compared to natural ejaculation.

Keywords:
Chemical ejaculationEjaculatory disordersEquineImipramineSemenXylazine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Reproduction
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine) indirectly induce ejaculation via noradrenaline.
  • Alpha-adrenergic agonists (xylazine, detomidine) directly stimulate ejaculation by activating alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.
  • Oxytocin plays a role in equine ejaculation, with serum concentrations peaking before the event.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of different protocols for inducing ex copula ejaculation in stallions.
  • To assess the benefits of incorporating oxytocin into these protocols.
  • To compare semen characteristics between ex copula and in copula ejaculates.

Main Methods:

  • Nine protocols using xylazine (X), oxytocin (O), imipramine (I), and detomidine (D) were tested in mature stallions.
  • Imipramine was administered 2 hours before alpha-adrenergic agonists and oxytocin.
  • Dosages were adjusted if ejaculation did not occur within 10 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Nine out of 12 mature stallions responded to treatment, with detomidine-based protocols (IDO) and imipramine-based protocols (IX) showing similar efficacy.
  • Erections and masturbation were observed only with imipramine treatment.
  • Semen quality was comparable across protocols and to in-copula ejaculates; younger stallions did not respond.

Conclusions:

  • The detomidine, oxytocin, and imipramine (IDO) protocol is an effective alternative to the imipramine and xylazine (IX) protocol for inducing stallion ejaculation.
  • Stallions responsive to detomidine did not respond to xylazine, and vice versa, suggesting distinct individual responses.
  • IDO and IX protocols offer viable options for semen collection in stallions, with IDO being useful when IX is ineffective.