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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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MW-PPG Sensor: An on-Chip Spectrometer Approach.

Cheng-Chun Chang1, Chien-Ta Wu2, Byung Il Choi3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan. ccchang@ntut.edu.tw.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a compact chip-scale multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (MW-PPG) sensor for wearables. It significantly improves signal quality, enabling practical daily-life applications for advanced health monitoring.

Keywords:
MW-PPGmulti-wavelengthson-chip spectrometers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Sensing Technologies

Background:

  • Multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (MW-PPG) offers superior performance over single-wavelength photoplethysmography (SW-PPG).
  • Previous MW-PPG systems relied on bulky, expensive spectrometers, hindering wearable applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a chip-scale MW-PPG sensor for wearable devices.
  • To present signal processing techniques for robust PPG signal extraction.

Main Methods:

  • Developed innovative on-chip spectrometers for a compact MW-PPG sensor.
  • Implemented advanced signal processing algorithms for PPG extraction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an increase of up to 50% in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N).
  • Demonstrated feasibility for measuring blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chip-scale MW-PPG sensor is suitable for wearable applications.
  • The sensor and processing methods enhance the practicality and performance of MW-PPG technology.