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Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves.
Lara Górriz-Martín1, Jasmin Neßler2, Iris Voelker3
1Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany. lara.gorriz.martin@tiho-hannover.de.
BMC Veterinary Research
|August 29, 2019
Summary
Split spinal cord malformation (SSCM) in calves presents with varying clinical signs, including paralysis. Diagnosis requires advanced imaging like MRI, and a hereditary component is suspected, necessitating further genetic studies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Neurology
- Congenital Malformations
- Animal Genetics
Background:
- Split spinal cord malformation (SSCM) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by longitudinal duplication of spinal cord segments.
- Two types exist: SSCM Type I with separate dural tubes and SSCM Type II with a common dural tube.
Observation:
- Clinical signs in affected calves ranged from ambulatory paresis to non-ambulatory paraparesis, with one calf exhibiting congenital tremor.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed median hydrosyringomyelia and a peanut-shaped spinal cord cross-section due to incomplete duplication.
- Pathological examination confirmed spinal cord duplication in the lumbar region, with histopathology differentiating between SSCM Type I and Type II based on meningeal structures.
Findings:
- Histopathological analysis confirmed two central lumbar vertebral canals and duplicated spinal cord structures.
- SSCM Type I was observed in one calf with separate meninges, while SSCM Type II was found in three calves with a common meninx.
- Pedigree analysis suggested a hereditary component, possibly due to recessive inheritance and common ancestry.
Implications:
- SSCM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of congenital paralysis in calves.
- Accurate diagnosis relies on advanced imaging techniques such as MRI.
- Further research into the heritability of SSCM is crucial to confirm a genetic etiology and inform breeding practices.
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