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Thermodynamic efficiency in dissipative chemistry.

Emanuele Penocchio1, Riccardo Rao1,2, Massimiliano Esposito3

  • 1Complex Systems and Statistical Mechanics, Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.

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Summary
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Living systems use nonequilibrium conditions to avoid equilibrium. This study establishes thermodynamic principles for open chemical systems, enabling efficiency quantification for artificial synthesis and energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Thermodynamics
  • Non-equilibrium Statistical Physics
  • Dissipative Self-Assembly

Background:

  • Closed chemical systems naturally approach equilibrium, limiting their complexity and function.
  • Living systems thrive far from equilibrium, exhibiting diverse phenomena.
  • Open systems and dissipative self-assembly offer new avenues for artificial synthesis and energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish fundamental thermodynamic concepts (energy, work, dissipation) for open chemical systems.
  • To quantify the efficiency of chemical operations in non-equilibrium environments.
  • To provide a framework for analyzing the performance of dissipative chemical processes.

Main Methods:

  • Building upon recent theoretical advances in non-equilibrium statistical physics.
  • Developing a theoretical framework for open chemical systems.
  • Defining and quantifying efficiency metrics for dissipative chemical processes.

Main Results:

  • Established thermodynamic definitions for energy, work, and dissipation in open chemical systems.
  • Developed a method to quantify the efficiency of chemical operations under non-equilibrium conditions.
  • Laid the groundwork for performance analysis of any dissipative chemical process.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamic principles can be extended to open chemical systems operating far from equilibrium.
  • Quantifying efficiency is crucial for harnessing the potential of dissipative self-assembly for artificial synthesis and energy storage.
  • This work provides a foundational framework for the rational design and optimization of non-equilibrium chemical processes.