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Urinary Stone Disease and Preventable Nephrectomies.

Anil Shrestha1, Prakash Chhettri1, Birendra Kumar Yadav1

  • 1Department of Urology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Urinary stone disease frequently leads to kidney removal (nephrectomy). Early treatment and follow-up can prevent this severe complication, highlighting the importance of managing renal stones.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Urinary stone disease presents a significant health challenge with a high prevalence.
  • A critical complication of urinary stone disease is the development of a non-functioning kidney, which is often preventable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the trends and indications for nephrectomy over an eight-year period.
  • To identify the primary drivers of nephrectomy, particularly focusing on urinary stone disease.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 529 nephrectomy cases from a hospital database spanning eight years.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, indications for surgery, surgical techniques, and associated morbidities.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2016.

Main Results:

  • Nephrectomy rates were higher in females, with the third and fourth decades of life being most affected.
  • Benign causes accounted for 90% of nephrectomies, with 65% attributed to urinary stone disease.
  • Recurrent renal stone disease, even without prior surgery, increased susceptibility to nephrectomy. Laparoscopic techniques have largely superseded open surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary stone disease is a primary contributor to nephrectomy in the studied population.
  • Effective management and timely intervention for urinary stones are crucial for preventing kidney loss.