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Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

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The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Sound Intensity Level00:53

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Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
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Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II01:18

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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
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Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

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The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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[Intensive care aspects of autoimmune encephalitis].

A Günther1, J Schubert2, O W Witte2

  • 1Hans-Berger-Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland. albrecht.guenther@med.uni-jena.de.

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune encephalitis, an inflammatory brain disease, often requires intensive care. Outcomes vary widely, with mechanical ventilation and sepsis linked to poorer prognosis.

Keywords:
Critical care outcomesEthical issuesMechanical ventilationN-Methyl-D-AsparatateTracheostomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare, severe inflammatory brain disease.
  • It typically involves autoantibodies and progresses through distinct phases.
  • Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDA-RE) frequently necessitates intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical course and outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis patients in the ICU.
  • To identify factors associated with severe disease and mortality.
  • To contextualize findings within existing literature, referencing a German multicenter cohort study.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analysis.
  • Review of clinical data from ICU patients with autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Synthesis of findings with existing published literature.

Main Results:

  • Up to 85% of patients require intensive care.
  • Common ICU issues include consciousness disturbances, autonomic dysfunction, seizures, movement disorders, and ventilation problems.
  • Mortality rates range from 12% to 40%, with worse outcomes associated with mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, sepsis, and autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune encephalitis presents complex challenges in the ICU.
  • Prognosis is highly variable, ranging from full recovery to death.
  • Identifying high-risk patients early is crucial for optimizing care and outcomes.