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Exposures to carbon dioxide in the poultry processing industry.

D E Jacobs1, M S Smith

  • 1Georgia Tech Research Institute, Environmental, Health, and Safety Division, Atlanta 30332.

American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Dry ice use in poultry plants creates significant carbon dioxide hazards, with levels exceeding safety limits in poorly ventilated areas. Workers face occupational risks from this exposure, necessitating increased awareness and control measures.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Industrial Hygiene
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Increased use of dry ice in poultry processing due to fast food industry demands.
  • Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimates, releasing high concentrations of carbon dioxide gas.
  • Poultry processing environments often have poor ventilation, exacerbating gas buildup.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in poultry processing plants.
  • To assess occupational exposure risks associated with dry ice use.
  • To review health effects and control measures for CO2 exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Air sampling for carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in four poultry processing facilities.
  • Measurement of CO2 levels in holding coolers and areas where dry ice is applied.

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  • Comparison of measured CO2 levels against Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV) standards.

    • Main Results:

    • CO2 concentrations exceeded the IDLH level (50,000 ppm) in poorly ventilated holding coolers.
    • Time-weighted average exposures surpassed the TLV (5,000 ppm) in other areas, even with local exhaust ventilation.
    • Significant occupational exposure risks identified in various plant locations.

    Conclusions:

    • Operators must recognize the significant occupational hazards of carbon dioxide exposure from dry ice use.
    • Enhanced ventilation and stringent monitoring are crucial in poultry processing plants utilizing dry ice.
    • Further research into effective control strategies and health surveillance is recommended.