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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Arteries and Arterioles01:16

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Arteries, the vasculature responsible for transporting blood from the heart, possess robust walls capable of enduring the elevated pressures exerted by the heartbeat. Arteries near the heart are especially thick-walled and enriched with elastic fibers across their three tunics, classifying them as elastic or conducting arteries. These arteries, usually with a diameter exceeding 10 mm, are characterized by their ability to dilate in response to the blood pumped from the heart's ventricles...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Fenestrated Vertebral Artery in A Routine Cadaveric Dissection.

Adegbenro Omotuyi John Fakoya1, Erica Barnes2, Faviola Laureano-Torres2

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis.

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A rare anatomical variation of the vertebral artery was observed during a cadaveric neck dissection. This fenestrated vertebral artery, while uncommon, highlights potential risks for iatrogenic injury and associated vascular malformations.

Keywords:
FenestratedSuboccipital triangleTransverse foraminaVertebral artery

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical variations
  • Vascular anatomy
  • Cervical spine anatomy

Background:

  • Vertebral artery anomalies are infrequent occurrences.
  • The vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian artery and traverse cervical vertebrae C1-C6.
  • Understanding normal vertebral artery anatomy is crucial for surgical procedures.

Observation:

  • A unique anatomical variation of the right vertebral artery was identified during a cadaveric neck dissection.
  • The right VA exhibited an oblique extradural branch at C2, resulting in a fenestrated vertebral artery.

Findings:

  • The study describes a rare case of a fenestrated vertebral artery.
  • This fenestration involved an oblique branch arising from the extradural segment at the C2 level.

Implications:

  • Vertebral artery fenestration may be associated with other vascular malformations.
  • Awareness of this anomaly is crucial to prevent iatrogenic injuries during surgical interventions.