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Ruminal ciliated protozoa in bison.

G Towne1, T G Nagaraja, K K Kemp

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Ciliate protozoa populations in bison vary with diet and contact with cattle. Grain-supplemented bison had higher protozoa counts, while type B populations decreased with cattle exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Rumen microbiology
  • Wildlife ecology
  • Livestock science

Background:

  • Ciliated protozoa are crucial for ruminant digestion.
  • Bison (Bison bison) populations are increasing, raising questions about their rumen microbiome.
  • Understanding bison protozoa is important for managing wild and domestic ruminant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the total numbers and species distribution of ciliated protozoa in bison.
  • To investigate the influence of diet on bison protozoa populations.
  • To assess the impact of contact with domestic livestock on bison protozoa.

Main Methods:

  • Collected ruminal contents from 79 slaughtered and 2 cannulated bison.
  • Categorized bison diets into three groups: forage only, forage with supplementation, and feedlot diet.

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  • Analyzed protozoan species and total counts in relation to diet and cattle contact.

    • Main Results:

    • Total ciliate counts were highest in grain-supplemented bison (210.1 x 10^4/g) and lowest in forage-only bison (27.1 x 10^4/g).
    • Protozoan species found in bison are also present in domestic livestock.
    • Type B protozoan populations (Epidinium, Eudiplodinium) were less common in bison with Polyplastron sp., especially those with cattle contact.

    Conclusions:

    • Bison diet significantly impacts rumen ciliate protozoa abundance.
    • Contact with domestic cattle appears to reduce type B protozoan populations in bison.
    • As bison production expands, shifts in rumen protozoa due to livestock interaction are likely.