Structure-activity relationships for glycine-extended peptides and the alpha-amidating enzyme derived from medullary...

A peptidyl alpha-amidating enzyme has been partially purified from conditioned medium derived from cultured medullary thyroid CA-77 cells. The interactions of this enzyme with a series of tripeptides, pentapeptides, and mature glycine-extended prohormones has now been studied using a competition assay that features the enzymatic alpha-amidation of N-dansyl-Tyr-Val-Gly. While a peptide C-terminal glycine was obligatory for tight binding to the alpha-amidating enzyme, other peptide structural elements modulated the interaction. Thus, a greater than 1300-fold range in apparent inhibitor constants was observed by substitution at the -1 (penultimate) position in a C-terminal glycine-containing tripeptide with each of the 20 common L-amino acids. Peptide inhibitory potency decreased through the following amino acid groupings: sulfur containing greater than aromatic greater than or equal to histidine greater than nonpolar greater than polar greater than glycine greater than charged. This pattern was qualitatively dissimilar to that observed for a more limited series of substitutions at the -2 position, demonstrating the positional selectivity of these structural requirements. The structure-activity relationships observed with the tripeptides at the -1 position were consistent with the apparent inhibitor constants obtained for a collection of prohormones and their pentapeptide mimics. Finally, selected prohormones and their pentapeptide mimics were equipotent inhibitors, demonstrating that the peptide structural elements important for alpha-amidating enzyme recognition are located entirely within the C-terminal pentapeptide segment.