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Related Concept Videos

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow01:27

Energy Considerations in Open Channel Flow

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Open channel flow, where a fluid flows with a free surface exposed to the atmosphere, is primarily governed by gravitational and surface effects, distinguishing it from closed conduit or pipe flow. In open channels such as rivers, canals, and artificial channels, energy analysis provides valuable insights into flow behavior and the relationship between depth, velocity, and slope.Specific Energy and Flow DepthIn open channel flow, the specific energy, E, combines the gravitational potential...
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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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The free energy change for a process taking place with reactants and products present under nonstandard conditions (pressures other than 1 bar; concentrations other than 1 M) is related to the standard free energy change according to this equation:
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Related Experiment Video

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Studying Cavitation Enhanced Therapy
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Energy Harvesting in Microscale with Cavitating Flows.

Morteza Ghorbani1,2,3,4, Ali Mohammadi2,4, Ahmad Reza Motezakker2,4

  • 1Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Researchers developed a cost-effective method for energy harvesting using cavitating jet flows. This technique generates significant surface temperature increases, enabling power generation for consumer electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Thermal energy harvesting is crucial for energy savings and clean technologies.
  • Growing individual energy demands necessitate innovative power solutions.
  • Cavitating flows offer a potential avenue for energy generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for individual energy needs.
  • To investigate the thermal energy harvesting potential of cavitating jet flows.
  • To analyze the impact of microchannel dimensions and pressures on temperature rise.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing cavitating jet flows generated from microchannel configurations of varying diameters (152-762 μm).
  • Employing an advanced high-speed visualization system to capture and analyze cavitation flow patterns.
  • Measuring the temperature rise on a thin plate surface under different upstream pressures (10-60 bar).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a significant temperature rise of up to 5.7 °C on the thin plate surface.
  • Observed distinct cavitation flow patterns for different microtube diameters, including micro- to macroscale shifts.
  • Demonstrated a correlation between flow patterns, microtube dimensions, upstream pressure, and temperature rise.

Conclusions:

  • Cavitating jet flows from microchannels provide a viable method for thermal energy harvesting.
  • The generated heat energy can be integrated with thermoelectric generators for powering consumer devices.
  • Microchannel design and operating conditions significantly influence the efficiency of this energy harvesting technique.