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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.0K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Related Experiment Video

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Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers
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Fiber-Coupled Diamond Micro-Waveguides toward an Efficient Quantum Interface for Spin Defect Centers.

Masazumi Fujiwara1,2,3,4, Oliver Neitzke1, Tim Schröder5,6

  • 1Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

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|August 29, 2019
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Summary

We integrated nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanophotonics with optical fibers for quantum applications. This work demonstrates efficient coupling and cryogenic operation, paving the way for fiber-based quantum interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are promising solid-state qubits.
  • Integrating NV centers into scalable photonic architectures is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve efficient coupling of NV centers in diamond nanophotonic structures to optical fibers.
  • To demonstrate the functionality of these integrated systems at cryogenic temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Embedding NV centers within diamond micro-waveguides (μWGs).
  • Coupling μWGs to fiber tapers for low-loss connection to single-mode optical fibers.
  • Numerical optimization of device parameters for cryogenic experiments.
  • Experimental validation of fiber transmission and NV center fluorescence at cryogenic temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 35.6% coupling efficiency between diamond μWGs and fiber tapers.
  • Demonstrated successful cooling to 4.2 K (liquid helium temperature) without compromising fiber transmission.
  • Observed sharp zero-phonon lines in NV center fluorescence at 100 K via pigtailed fibers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fiber-integrated diamond nanophotonic devices enable efficient coupling of NV centers.
  • Successful cryogenic operation is a key advancement for fiber-based quantum nanophotonic interfaces utilizing diamond spin defects.