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Related Concept Videos

Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.0K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.8K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Surface-Active Ionic Liquid Cholinium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Self-Assembling Behavior and Interaction with

Praveen Singh Gehlot1, Akshay Kulshrestha1, Pankaj Bharmoria1

  • 1Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, and Salt and Marine Chemicals Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India.

ACS Omega
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel, nontoxic ionic liquid, cholinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cho[DBS]), enhances cellulase enzyme activity by stabilizing its structure within micelles. This eco-friendly surfactant shows promising applications with minimal environmental impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Conventional surfactants like sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (NaDBS) can exhibit toxicity and environmental concerns.
  • Ionic liquids offer tunable properties and potential for greener applications.
  • Enzyme activity is often sensitive to the surrounding medium, impacting industrial biocatalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel anionic surface-active ionic liquid, cholinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cho[DBS]).
  • To investigate the self-assembly, interfacial properties, and ecotoxicity of Cho[DBS].
  • To explore the interaction of Cho[DBS] with the enzyme cellulase and its effect on enzyme activity.

Main Methods:

  • Tensiometry, conductometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for characterizing Cho[DBS].
  • Spectroscopic techniques (fluorescence, circular dichroism) to study enzyme structure.
  • Dinitro salicylic acid assay to quantify enzyme activity.
  • Ecotoxicity tests using the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp.

Main Results:

  • Cho[DBS] exhibits efficient surface-active properties and forms stable micelles in aqueous solutions.
  • The ionic liquid demonstrated enhanced cellulase activity, attributed to active-site exfoliation and structural stabilization.
  • Fluorescence, circular dichroism, ITC, and DLS confirmed the enzyme's structural integrity within the Cho[DBS] micellar environment.
  • Toxicity analysis indicated a nontoxic profile for Cho[DBS] towards Scenedesmus sp.

Conclusions:

  • Cholinium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Cho[DBS]) is an efficient, nontoxic anionic surfactant with favorable self-assembly characteristics.
  • Cho[DBS] acts as a beneficial medium for cellulase, enhancing its activity and maintaining structural stability.
  • The development of Cho[DBS] presents a greener alternative to conventional surfactants for biocatalytic applications.