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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
Published on: February 5, 2020
Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery via an Osmotic Heat Engine by Using a Freestanding Graphene Oxide Membrane
1School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Abstract:
The osmotic heat engine represents a new and promising technology for the harvesting of low-grade waste heat from various sources. However, the lack of an adequate semipermeable membrane hinders the technology's advancement. In this study, we investigated the application of a freestanding graphene oxide membrane (GOM) for energy generation in an osmotic heat engine. The synthesized GOM has a water permeability coefficient of 4.4 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 (LMH-bar). The internal concentration polarization in the osmosis filtration system can be minimized because no membrane support layer is needed for the freestanding GOM. As a result, high water flux and high power density are obtained. For example, under an applied hydraulic pressure of 6.90 bar, with a 2 M draw solution of ammonium bicarbonate solution, a power density of 20.0 W/m2 is achieved. This study shows that the freestanding GOM is promising for application in the osmotic heat engine. Future research regarding improving the mechanical properties and water stability of the GOM is beneficial for further advancing the technology.
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