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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/borax hydrogel foams exhibit shear-induced collapse at low borax concentrations, linked to a critical entanglement-to-borax ratio. This study explores their stability and foaming processes for potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Polymer hydrogel foams offer versatile applications, including biomedical scaffolds and decontamination.
  • Producing large volumes of hydrogel foams from viscous fluids presents significant practical challenges.
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/borax transient hydrogels utilize reversible borax-PVA cross-linking for unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the foaming process and stability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/borax transient hydrogels.
  • To understand the factors influencing shear-induced foam collapse in PVA/borax systems.
  • To explore the behavior of PVA/borax thin films under high stretching rates.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step foaming process involving initial PVA solution shearing followed by borax addition under continuous shearing.
  • Rheological measurements to analyze shear-thickening behavior and viscosity changes with borax concentration.
  • High-speed stretching experiments on individual PVA/borax catenoid-shaped thin films.

Main Results:

  • PVA/borax foams demonstrate stability for weeks, but exhibit shear-induced collapse at low borax/PVA ratios.
  • A critical ratio of NE/NB = 15 was identified, below which shear-induced collapse occurs.
  • Low PVA/borax ratio films showed instability and fracture under high stretching rates, failing to minimize surface area.

Conclusions:

  • Foam stability is highly dependent on the borax/PVA ratio, with higher ratios promoting stability under shear.
  • Shear-thickening behavior and a potential viscous to fragile transition at high shear rates were observed.
  • The dynamic network rearrangement of PVA/borax is crucial for film stability during rapid stretching.