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Downconversion Luminescence-Based Nanosensor for Label-Free Detection of Explosives.

Monika Malik1,2, Preeti Padhye1,2, Pankaj Poddar1,2

  • 1Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.

ACS Omega
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel nanosensor probe using polyethylenimine-capped nanophosphors detects 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) with high sensitivity and selectivity in aqueous solutions. This visual and luminescence-based detection method offers a promising tool for on-site ultratrace analyte recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Detection of explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is crucial for security and environmental monitoring.
  • Existing detection methods often require complex instrumentation and sample preparation.
  • Development of sensitive, selective, and portable sensors is highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel nanosensor probe for the selective and sensitive detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT).
  • To investigate the sensing mechanism based on luminescence quenching and Meisenheimer complex formation.
  • To evaluate the probe's performance in aqueous media for potential on-site applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polyethylenimine (PEI)-capped β-NaYF₄:Gd³⁺,Tb³⁺ nanophosphors via a hydrothermal route.
  • Characterization of nanophosphors' photoluminescence properties and their response to TNT.
  • Investigation of the sensing mechanism involving Meisenheimer complex formation and luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET).

Main Results:

  • The nanosensor exhibited remarkable quenching (∼90%) of its emission peak at ∼544 nm upon TNT addition.
  • A linear detection range for TNT was established from 0.1 to 300 μM with a low limit of detection (119.9 nM).
  • The probe demonstrated excellent selectivity for TNT over other nitroaromatic compounds, pesticides, sugars, and amino acids.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PEI-capped nanophosphor probe offers a sensitive, selective, and visually detectable method for TNT recognition in aqueous environments.
  • The sensing mechanism is attributed to Meisenheimer complex formation and LRET, enabling efficient TNT detection.
  • This nanosensor provides a simple, instrument-free approach for on-site detection of ultratrace TNT, with broad application potential.