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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transformation: The Heat Shock Method11:01

Bacterial Transformation: The Heat Shock Method

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Transformation is the process that occurs when a cell ingests foreign DNA from its surroundings. Transformation can occur in nature in certain types of bacteria. In molecular biology, transformation is artificially reproduced in the lab via the creation of pores in bacterial cell membranes. Bacterial cells that are able to take up DNA from the environment are called competent cells. In the laboratory, bacterial cells can be made competent and DNA subsequently introduced by a procedure called...
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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
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Bacterial Transformation05:21

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ExpandIMPORTANT: In addition to wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment, be sure to take care to keep your face away from suspension cultures, and to avoid inhaling reagents. Do not touch your face while performing the experiment. Always wash your hands before and after every experiment.
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Bacterial Transformation: Electroporation12:19

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While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Bacterial Transformation Using Heat Shock and Competent Cells
11:01

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Synchronized Electromechanical Shock Wave-Induced Bacterial Transformation.

Rishi Kant1, Geeta Bhatt1, Vinay Kumar Patel1

  • 1Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.

ACS Omega
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel device for bacterial transformation, using synchronized mechanical and electrical pressure waves to efficiently transfer genes into cells. The method achieves transformation efficacy comparable to existing standards.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Bacterial transformation is crucial for genetic engineering and research.
  • Existing transformation methods often require complex procedures or specialized equipment.
  • Efficient gene delivery into bacterial cells remains a key challenge in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, efficient device for bacterial transformation.
  • To investigate the combined effect of mechanical and electrical pressure waves on gene delivery.
  • To assess the transformation efficacy of the novel device.

Main Methods:

  • A device generating synchronized mechanical and electrical pressure waves was designed.
  • Mechanical waves were produced by igniting a nanoenergetic composite material for ultrahigh pressure.
  • An electric field was synchronized with the pressure pulse to facilitate DNA transport across the bacterial cell membrane.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully generated synchronized mechanical and electrical pressure waves.
  • Efficient gene transfer (∼4 kb) into *Escherichia coli* BL21 cells was achieved.
  • The transformation efficacy was comparable to standard transformation methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed device offers a simple and effective means for bacterial transformation.
  • The synchronized pressure wave approach enhances gene delivery efficiency.
  • This technology presents a promising alternative for genetic manipulation in bacteria.