Liposomal Nanovesicles for Efficient Encapsulation of Staphylococcal Antibiotics

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Drug Delivery

Background:

• Liposomes are promising for localized antibiotic delivery.
• Achieving high liposomal loading efficiency for antibiotics remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare encapsulation techniques for vancomycin hydrochloride, teicoplanin, and rifampin.
• To assess encapsulation efficiency, lipid requirement, and mass yield for different antibiotics.
• To identify and mitigate analytical biases in quantifying liposomal encapsulation.

Main Methods:

• Evaluation of three antibiotics (vancomycin hydrochloride, teicoplanin, rifampin) with varying hydrophilicity.
• Categorization of encapsulation techniques based on efficiency, lipid use, and mass yield.
• Analysis of analytical method bias for encapsulation quantification.

Main Results:

• Hydrophobic antibiotics (teicoplanin, rifampin) showed variable encapsulation loads and mass yields, favoring specific techniques.
• Vancomycin hydrochloride, a hydrophilic antibiotic, exhibited less preference for tested protocols.
• Significant bias was observed in common analytical methods for quantifying encapsulation efficiency.

Conclusions:

• Specific encapsulation techniques are better suited for hydrophobic antibiotics.
• Ultrafiltration and methanolysis are proposed as accurate methods for quantifying liposomal antibiotic encapsulation.
• Findings offer critical insights for designing effective liposomal antibiotic delivery systems.