Carbon Derived from Soft Pyrolysis of a Covalent Organic Framework as a Support for Small-Sized RuO₂ Showing...

Electrochemical water splitting is the most energy-efficient technique for producing hydrogen and oxygen, the two valuable gases. However, it is limited by the slow kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can be improved using catalysts. Covalent organic framework (COF)-derived porous carbon can serve as an excellent catalyst support. Here, we report high electrocatalytic activity of two composites, formed by supporting RuO₂ on carbon derived from two COFs with closely related structures. These composites catalyze oxygen evolution from alkaline media with overpotentials as low as 210 and 217 mV at 10 mA/cm², respectively. The Tafel slopes of these catalysts (65 and 67 mV/dec) indicate fast kinetics compared to commercial RuO₂. The observed activity is the highest among all RuO₂-based heterogeneous OER catalysts-a touted benchmark OER catalyst. The high catalytic activity arises from the extremely small-sized (∼3-4 nm) RuO₂ nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in a micro-mesoporous (BET = 517 m²/g) COF-derived carbon. The porous graphenic carbon favors mass transfer, while its N-rich framework anchors the catalytic nanoparticles, making it highly stable and recyclable. Crucially, the soft pyrolysis of the COF enables the formation of porous carbon and simultaneous growth of small RuO₂ particles without aggregation.