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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Multimaterial 3D Printing for Microrobotic Mechanisms.

Michal Soreni-Harari1, Ryan St Pierre2, Caroline McCue3

  • 1Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.

Soft Robotics
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new 3D microfabrication method for multimaterial robots. This technique integrates rigid and soft materials, enabling complex, compliant robotic mechanisms for enhanced mobility in unstructured environments.

Keywords:
3D printingmicroroboticsmultimaterial printing

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Materials Science
  • Microfabrication

Background:

  • Natural organisms utilize diverse materials for mobility, inspiring robotic design.
  • Integrating rigid and soft materials in microscale robotics presents fabrication challenges.
  • Multimaterial designs can enhance robot adaptability and reduce control complexity in real-world environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel 3D microscale multimaterial fabrication approach.
  • To enable the integration of materials with significantly different mechanical properties.
  • To demonstrate the creation of functional microscale robotic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing two-photon polymerization for 3D microfabrication.
  • Printing materials with a three-orders-of-magnitude difference in Young's moduli.
  • Employing consecutive printing cycles for material integration with high layer accuracy (<3 μm).

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated hybrid elements with strong adhesion between rigid and soft materials.
  • Developed a soft elastic material capable of over 200% strain.
  • Demonstrated a multilink mechanism with large deformation capabilities.
  • Created a 2-mm wingspan flapping wing mechanism via rapid prototyping.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fabrication strategy enables the creation of complex, compliant microscale robotic mechanisms.
  • This approach facilitates the integration of diverse materials, enhancing robotic functionality.
  • The technique holds potential for advancing the design and capabilities of small-scale robots.