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Related Concept Videos

Heuristics or Rules of Thumb01:25

Heuristics or Rules of Thumb

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Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that facilitate rapid decision-making, particularly under uncertainty, time constraints, or limited information. In financial contexts, these mental shortcuts can be beneficial, but they also introduce biases that may lead to suboptimal investment choices.Investors frequently rely on heuristics to simplify complex financial decisions. However, these shortcuts can distort their perception of risk and reward, leading to systematic errors. Understanding common...
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Heuristics or Rules of Thumb
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Heuristics or Rules of Thumb

Published on: April 11, 2025

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Extreme Thumb Losses: Reconstructive Strategies.

Francisco Del Piñal1

  • 1From private practice.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a single-stage surgical technique for complex thumb reconstruction using toe transfers, improving functional and cosmetic outcomes. The novel approach avoids traditional two-stage methods, preserving thenar muscle function for better thumb opposition.

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Designing CAD/CAM Surgical Guides for Maxillary Reconstruction Using an In-house Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Reconstructive Microsurgery
  • Hand Surgery
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Traditional thumb reconstruction often involves multiple stages and additional procedures.
  • Complex thumb amputations present significant reconstructive challenges requiring soft-tissue and tendon transfers.
  • Existing methods can lead to compromised intrinsic muscle function and first web space contracture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel, single-stage strategies for reconstructing severe thumb losses.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of immediate free tissue transfer and toe transfer in thumb reconstruction.
  • To improve functional and aesthetic outcomes in thumb amputations.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 24 cases of extreme thumb loss reconstructed in a single stage using toe transfers (primarily great toe).
  • Suture, advancement, or tendon transfers were employed to restore intrinsic muscle function.
  • Free or local flaps were utilized for first web space resurfacing in 19 cases.

Main Results:

  • All toe transfers and flaps survived, with a high success rate for single-stage reconstruction.
  • Patients achieved significant functional recovery, with most regaining tripod pinch ability and high Kapandji opposition scores.
  • Excellent functional (8.5) and cosmetic (8.4) outcomes were reported by patients via visual analogue scale.

Conclusions:

  • Single-stage thumb reconstruction using toe transfer and immediate flap coverage is a viable and effective alternative.
  • Preservation of the first web space and thenar muscles is crucial for optimal thumb function.
  • The study recommends against traditional two-stage approaches that can compromise intrinsic muscle viability.