Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion
05:30

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.5K

Outcomes and Complications of Pediatric Cranioplasty: A Systematic Review

Amjed Abu-Ghname1, Joseph Banuelos1, Jeremie D Oliver1

  • 1From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|August 29, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Fresh bone grafts and titanium mesh show the lowest complication rates for pediatric calvarial reconstruction. Banked bone flaps present the highest failure and complication rates in pediatric cranioplasty.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Pediatric calvarial reconstruction presents unique challenges due to growth and anatomical factors.
  • A significant gap exists in comparative outcome studies for current cranioplasty materials in children.
  • This review focuses on pediatric cranioplasty outcomes, specifically evaluating commonly used materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare the outcomes of various cranioplasty materials in pediatric patients.
  • To identify materials associated with lower complication rates in pediatric calvarial reconstruction.
  • To address the knowledge gap regarding the efficacy of different cranioplasty materials.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review was conducted adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Outcome data were abstracted from twenty selected studies involving pediatric cranioplasty.
  • Materials compared included fresh bone, banked bone, titanium, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyetheretherketone.

Main Results:

  • Fresh bone grafts and titanium mesh exhibited the lowest infection (0.4%, 3.3%), graft failure (2.9%, 3.3%), and surgical-site occurrence rates (8.8%, 6.7%).
  • Banked bone flaps showed the highest complication rates (51%), bone resorption (39.7%), and failure rates (40.2%).
  • Polyetheretherketone had the highest infection rate (16.1%) among the alloplastic materials.

Conclusions:

  • Fresh bone grafts and titanium mesh are associated with superior outcomes in pediatric cranioplasty, demonstrating minimal complications.
  • Banked bone flaps are linked to the highest rates of complications and graft failures in pediatric cases.
  • Further research is crucial to evaluate existing and novel cranioplasty materials for pediatric applications.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.4K
Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

18.6K

Related Concept Videos

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion05:30

Surgical Approach and Complications of Stand-alone Lateral Trans-Psoas Interbody Fusion

Interbody fusion of the lumbar spine can be achieved surgically using different techniques. Minimally invasive techniques, including lateral interbody fusion, have been developed within recent decades to reduce rates of complications and allow for quicker patient recovery. We provide insight into stand-alone lateral trans-psoas interbody fusion, highlighting potential complications and...
1.5K
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.3K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
10.9K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

We describe guidelines to perform a safe and efficient elective fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients while maintaining spontaneous...
18.4K
Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.
18.6K
Pediatric Animal Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Circulatory Arrest04:55

Pediatric Animal Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Circulatory Arrest

This protocol describes a neonatal porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), with circulatory and cardiac arrest as a tool for studying severe brain damage and other complications secondary to...
1.3K