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Nonbiological Microsurgery Simulators in Plastic Surgery Training: A Systematic Review.

Jad Abi-Rafeh1, Dino Zammit1, Mehrad Mojtahed Jaberi1

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Nonbiological simulators, including prosthetic and virtual reality models, effectively train microsurgery skills in plastic surgery. While validated, metrics-based assessments are often lacking, highlighting the need for standardized, accessible training curricula.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Plastic Surgery Training

Background:

  • Simulation is crucial for competency-based medical education.
  • Live and cadaveric animal models have ethical, financial, and accessibility limitations.
  • Nonbiological simulators offer a viable alternative to traditional training methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review prosthetic and virtual reality simulators for microsurgery training.
  • To analyze simulator complexity, characteristics, pros, cons, and validation.
  • To inform the development of standardized microsurgery training.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase.
  • Inclusion of articles on prosthetic and virtual reality microsurgery training models.
  • Three independent reviewers assessed articles based on strict criteria.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-seven articles were included, detailing 20 basic, 20 intermediate, and 13 advanced prosthetic models.
  • Six virtual reality simulators were also reviewed.
  • Prosthetic and virtual reality simulators demonstrate efficacy in microsurgical skill acquisition and retention.

Conclusions:

  • Nonbiological simulators are effective for microsurgery training in plastic surgery.
  • Metrics-based validation is frequently absent in current literature.
  • Prosthetic simulators are vital for developing standardized, ethical, and measurable microsurgery training programs.