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Testing eco-evolutionary predictions using fossil data: Phyletic evolution following ecological opportunity.

Kjetil Lysne Voje1

  • 1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Fossil diatoms in Yellowstone Lake show evolutionary dynamics compatible with entering a new environment. Different traits responded variably, suggesting ecological opportunity impacts evolution over long timescales.

Keywords:
Adaptive landscapeOU modeldecelerated evolutionmorphologytime series

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Fossil sequences offer insights into phenotypic evolution over time, crucial for understanding macroevolutionary processes.
  • The diatom Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis lineage provides a detailed fossil record, ideal for studying evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if fossil time series of Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis exhibit evolutionary dynamics consistent with hypotheses of adaptive landscape change upon entering a new environment.
  • To assess how ecological opportunity influences trait evolution in a long-term fossil record.

Main Methods:

  • Fitted several phylogenetic models, including a new decelerated evolution model and an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, to fossil time series data of Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis.
  • Analyzed trait dynamics across three distinct phenotypes within the diatom lineage.

Main Results:

  • Different evolutionary models best explained the dynamics of the three analyzed traits.
  • Two models, decelerated evolution and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, captured trait dynamics compatible with ecological opportunity.
  • A random walk model did not fit the observed trait dynamics, indicating non-random evolutionary processes.

Conclusions:

  • The invasion of a new environment, like Yellowstone Lake, can influence trait dynamics for millennia, with varying effects across phenotypes.
  • While models suggest ecological opportunity impacts evolution, further model development is needed to fully explain the phyletic evolution of Stephanodiscus niagarae/yellowstonensis.