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Cell type- and tissue-specific functions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73)
Marquet Minor1, Karel P Alcedo1, Rachel A Battaglia1
1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|August 29, 2019
Summary
Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) plays diverse roles in tissue homeostasis and disease, impacting everything from the central nervous system to cardiovascular health. Understanding CD73
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Physiology
Background:
- Ecto-5 -nucleotidase (CD73) is a key enzyme converting AMP to adenosine.
- CD73 is being investigated for cancer immunotherapy via inhibitory antibodies.
- Numerous physiological roles of CD73 require consideration for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review CD73 functions across multiple organ systems and cell types.
- To highlight novel findings on CD73 from the past five years.
- To explore CD73's involvement in tissue homeostasis and pathology.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on recent studies (last 5 years).
- Analysis of cellular and animal model data.
- Examination of human genetic data (NT5E mutations).
Main Results:
- CD73 exhibits varied roles: antinociceptive and protective in CNS, barrier-preserving in the respiratory system, and cardioprotective.
- It confers protection in liver and kidney under ischemia-reperfusion injury.
- CD73's role in fibrosis is context-dependent (promotes liver fibrosis, protects lung fibrosis).
Conclusions:
- CD73 has significant, multifaceted roles in physiological and pathological processes.
- Loss-of-function mutations in NT5E cause arterial calcifications.
- Integrating CD73 regulation and function is crucial for future therapeutic targeting.