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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.0K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.0K
Pulse01:05

Pulse

3.5K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
3.5K
Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)03:53

Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

3.7K
This article describes a way to prepare and insert dihydrotestosterone (DHT) pellets to model Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in mice. The example protocol demonstrates the procedure in mice used for reproductive and metabolic studies.
3.7K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.7K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.7K
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

1.3K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.3K
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

2.2K
Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
2.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
03:53

Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Published on: April 30, 2023

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Pathological pulses in PCOS.

Christopher Coyle1, Rebecca E Campbell1

  • 1Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|August 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) involves hormonal imbalances like high luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses. Research explores the brain

Keywords:
AndrogenGnRHKisspeptinLuteinizing hormonePolycystic ovary syndromePulse generator

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
03:53

Subcutaneous Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) Treatment: Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Published on: April 30, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and anovulation.
  • Elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency and an increased LH to follicle-stimulating hormone ratio are observed in many PCOS patients.
  • These hormonal dysregulations suggest upstream neuroendocrine impairments, particularly within the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pathology of PCOS associated with high-frequency GnRH/LH pulses.
  • To highlight current knowledge and future research directions regarding the central mechanisms underlying PCOS neuroendocrine dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PCOS pathophysiology.
  • Focus on neuroendocrine mechanisms and pre-clinical models.
  • Analysis of gonadotropin signaling and steroid hormone feedback.

Main Results:

  • Aberrant gonadotropin signaling in PCOS drives ovarian features like increased androgen synthesis.
  • Decreased negative feedback sensitivity to gonadal steroids indicates GnRH neuronal network dysfunction.
  • Pre-clinical models demonstrate that excessive androgen exposure can replicate PCOS neuroendocrine pathology.

Conclusions:

  • The GnRH neuronal network plays a critical role in PCOS pathogenesis.
  • Understanding central mechanisms is key to unraveling PCOS neuroendocrine impairments.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex central pathways involved in PCOS.