Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026
01:08
Conjugate Addition of Enolates: Michael Addition
3.4K
Acetoacetate Based Thermosets Prepared by Dual-Michael Addition Reactions
Osman Konuray1, Xavier Fernández-Francos2, Xavier Ramis2
1Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. osman.konuray@mmt.upc.edu.
Polymers
|August 30, 2019
Summary
Novel dual-curable ternary materials offer tunable properties through sequential Michael addition reactions. This unique dual-network microstructure enhances toughness for advanced polymer applications.
Area of Science:
- Polymer Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Dual-curable polymer systems are crucial for advanced material applications.
- Sequential curing offers precise control over network formation and material properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop novel dual-curable ternary materials based on multiacetoacetate, multiacrylate, and divinyl sulfone.
- To investigate the sequential curing mechanism and resulting material properties.
- To optimize formulations for enhanced toughness and resilience.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of multiacetoacetate-multiacrylate-divinyl sulfone ternary materials.
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for kinetic analysis.
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for material characterization.
Main Results:
- A densely crosslinked, high glass transition temperature (Tg) network formed in the first curing stage via multiacetoacetate-divinyl sulfone Michael addition.
- A more flexible secondary network formed via multiacetoacetate-multiacrylate Michael addition.
- Minimized phase separation and a dual microstructure with dispersed polymeric spheres observed above 75% acetoacetate-divinyl sulfone content.
Conclusions:
- The developed ternary materials exhibit truly sequential curing due to distinct Michael addition rates.
- The unique dual microstructure enhances material toughness and resilience.
- These materials show potential for applications requiring robust, crosslinked polymer architectures.
Related Concept Videos
01:08Conjugate Addition of Enolates: Michael Addition
3.4K
The attack of a nucleophile at the β carbon of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound is called conjugate addition. Conjugate addition reactions of active methylene compounds, such as β-diketones, β-keto esters, β-keto nitriles, and α-nitro ketones, are called Michael addition reactions.
3.4K
02:15Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
7.3K
Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
7.3K
01:08Base-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
4.5K
As depicted in Figure 1, base-catalyzed aldol addition involves adding two carbonyl compounds in aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound.
4.5K
01:27Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
2.8K
Robinson annulation is a base-catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of 2-cyclohexenone derivatives from 1,3-dicarbonyl donors (such as cyclic diketones, β-ketoesters, or β-diketones) and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl acceptors. Named after Sir Robert Robinson, who discovered it, this reaction yields a six-membered ring with three new C–C bonds (two σ bonds and one π bond).
2.8K
01:15Acid-Catalyzed Aldol Addition Reaction
3.2K
The aldol reaction of a ketone under acidic conditions successfully forms an unsaturated carbonyl as the final product instead of an aldol. The acid-catalyzed aldol reaction is depicted in Figure 1.
3.2K
02:24Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes
10.2K
The double bond in a simple, unconjugated alkene is a region of high electron density that can act as a weak base or a nucleophile. The filled π orbital (HOMO) of the double bond can interact with the empty LUMO of an electrophile. A bonding interaction occurs when the electrophile attacks between the two carbons; the electrophile then accepts a pair of electrons from the π bond and undergoes addition across the double bond, yielding a single product.
Addition and elimination...
Addition and elimination...
10.2K