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Does Biotechnology Pose New Catastrophic Risks?

Diane DiEuliis1, Andrew D Ellington2, Gigi Kwik Gronvall3

  • 1National Defense University, Washington, D.C., USA.

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Summary

Modern biotechnology and synthetic biology offer powerful tools for innovation but pose dual-use risks. A framework helps analyze security threats and prioritize concerns for responsible advancement.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biosecurity

Background:

  • 21st-century biotechnology advances, particularly synthetic biology, enable unprecedented manipulation of organisms.
  • These genetic engineering capabilities drive progress in medicine, environmental remediation, and biosecurity.
  • Biotechnology presents dual-use challenges, with potential for both beneficial applications and deliberate harm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe challenges in managing dual-use capabilities from modern biotechnology and synthetic biology.
  • To introduce a framework for analyzing security effects of new scientific discoveries.
  • To highlight policy directions for maximizing benefits while minimizing risks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advancements in biotechnology and synthetic biology.
  • Analysis of dual-use potential and security implications.
  • Description of a National Academies committee framework for risk assessment.

Main Results:

  • Biotechnology offers significant benefits but requires careful management due to dual-use nature.
  • A framework exists to analyze security effects and prioritize concerns.
  • Synthetic biology presents opportunities for biosecurity preparedness.

Conclusions:

  • Managing dual-use biotechnology requires proactive security analysis and risk mitigation.
  • A structured framework aids in assessing and prioritizing security concerns.
  • Policy is needed to harness beneficial applications while controlling risks of synthetic biology.