Multi-segment foot kinematics during running and its association with striking patterns

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Medicine
• Kinesiology

Background:

• Running striking patterns, specifically midfoot striking (MFS) versus rearfoot striking (RFS), are debated for their biomechanical advantages and potential harms.
• Understanding kinematic differences is crucial for addressing foot and lower limb running injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and compare the multi-segment foot kinematics between MFS and RFS running patterns.
• To identify specific joint angle differences during the stance phase of barefoot running.

Main Methods:

• Twelve students ran barefoot at 3.3 m/s (±10%) while their multi-segment foot kinematics were captured using a passive optoelectronic motion analysis system.
• Kinematic waveforms were compared between MFS and RFS conditions using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (1DSPM) with a paired t-test.

Main Results:

• The shank-calcaneus angle was significantly more plantar-flexed, inverted, and adducted during MFS compared to RFS.
• The calcaneus-midfoot angle showed greater plantarflexion in MFS.
• MFS exhibited more pronounced downward metatarsal angulation and medial longitudinal arch angle during late swing, with key differences occurring in the first 50% of stance.

Conclusions:

• Significant kinematic distinctions exist between MFS and RFS, particularly in the initial stance phase.
• These findings provide valuable insights for kinesiopathological and pathokinesiological analyses of running-related foot and lower limb injuries.