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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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[Exercise for depression treatment. Physiological mechanisms].

V V Gultyaeva1, M I Zinchenko1, D Y Uryumtsev1

  • 1Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|August 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Regular physical exercise offers significant antidepressant effects, comparable to or better than traditional treatments. This non-pharmacological approach enhances brain function and reduces depression symptoms through multiple biological pathways.

Keywords:
BDNFdepressionenergy metabolismexerciseneurogenesisphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Depression is a prevalent mood disorder with significant global health impact.
  • Current treatments include pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, but non-pharmacological options are increasingly sought.
  • Physical exercise is recognized for its potential therapeutic benefits in mental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on the antidepressant effects of physical exercise and activity.
  • To analyze the mechanisms underlying exercise's impact on depression.
  • To explore the neurobiological changes associated with exercise-based depression treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of research from the past decade.
  • Inclusion of original research studies on physical exercise and depression.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the biochemical and structural effects of exercise on the central nervous system.

Main Results:

  • Physical exercise demonstrates antidepressant effects comparable to or exceeding established first-line depression treatments.
  • Exercise promotes neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptogenesis.
  • Regular physical activity enhances mitochondrial antioxidant protection and reduces inflammation and stress reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity is a potent non-pharmacological intervention for depression.
  • Exercise exerts multimodal effects, stimulating beneficial biochemical pathways and restoring neuronal structures affected by depression.
  • Targeted physical exercise represents a promising strategy for managing and treating depressive disorders.