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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

The Precision of Visual Working Memory with Delayed Estimation

The Precision of Visual Working Memory with Delayed Estimation

Published on: April 30, 2023

Delay activity in pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale during a variable-delay memory task.

Melissa Johnston¹, Blake Porter¹, Michael Colombo¹

¹Department of Psychology.

Behavioral Neuroscience

|August 30, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons in the pigeon nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) do not use temporal coding for working memory when delay lengths are unpredictable. Delay activity in the NCL does not differ between correct and incorrect trials.

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Published on: June 18, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Animal Behavior

Background:

The nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) in birds plays a crucial role in maintaining information over short delays.
Working memory relies on neural activity sustaining representations across time.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether neurons in the avian NCL exhibit temporal coding during a working memory task with unpredictable delay lengths.
To examine if NCL neural activity during delays differs based on trial accuracy.

Main Methods:

Neural activity was recorded from the NCL of three pigeons performing a working memory task.
The task involved three intermixed delay lengths, preventing prediction of the upcoming delay.
Performance accuracy (correct vs. incorrect trials) was analyzed in relation to neural activity.

Main Results:

No evidence of temporal coding by NCL neurons was found when delay lengths were unpredictable.
Neural activity during the delay period did not significantly differ between correct and incorrect trials.
These findings suggest a lack of specific temporal representation in NCL delay activity under these conditions.

Conclusions:

The findings challenge the notion that NCL neurons inherently use temporal coding for working memory maintenance when predictability is low.
Delay activity in the NCL may not be directly modulated by trial outcome (accuracy) in this task.
The study has implications for understanding the functional role of delay activity in supporting working memory in avian brains.