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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Methods to Evaluate Cytotoxicity and Immunosuppression of Combustible Tobacco Product Preparations
Published on: January 10, 2015
[The evaluation of direct economic loss related to tobacco smoking in 2009 and 2016]
A L Lindenbraten1, N A Golubev2, M A Afonina3
1The Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «The N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health», 105064, Moscow, Russia, leo2506@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The article presents an assessment of the economic damage associated with smoking for the period of 2009-2016. The obtained data on the prevalence of tobacco dependence for 2009-2016 showed, on the one hand, a decrease in tobacco dependence among the population surveyed, and on the other hand, an increase in the share of consumer spending on tobacco products and of an index of the physical volume of retail sales of tobacco products. The study included an analysis of the incidence of diseases associated with smoking, as well as an analysis of the attendance of medical care for patients with tobacco-related diseases.
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