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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
Published on: July 27, 2018
Two-photon STED nanoscopy realizing 100-nm spatial resolution utilizing high-peak-power sub-nanosecond 655-nm pulses
Hirokazu Ishii1, Kohei Otomo1,2, Jui-Hung Hung3
1Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.
Abstract:
We developed two-photon excitation stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy using high-peak-power sub-nanosecond 655-nm pulses. The STED pulse exhibited ideal optical properties and sufficient pulse energy to realize a 70-nm spatial resolution in the compact setup with electrically controllable components. For biological applications, we screened suitable fluorescent dyes or proteins and realized the sub-100 nm spatial resolution imaging of presynaptic protein clusters in fixed primary cultured neurons without severe photobleaching. We expect this method to enable visualization of ultrastructures and the cluster dynamics of biomolecules representing physiological functions in living cells and tissue.
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