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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
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Plant extracellular vesicles.

Yong Cui1, Jiayang Gao2, Yilin He2

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. cuiyongwhu@gmail.com.

Protoplasma
|August 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants release extracellular vesicles (EVs) through unconventional protein secretion (UPS), crucial for cell communication, defense, and symbiosis, despite the cell wall barrier. This review details their mechanisms and functions.

Keywords:
EXPOExosomeExtracellular vesiclePlant defenseProtein secretion

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Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Exocytosis is vital for cellular function and communication via material delivery to the extracellular space.
  • Plant cells utilize conventional protein secretion (CPS) through ER-Golgi-TGN-PM pathways and unconventional protein secretion (UPS).
  • The existence and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in plants, though debated due to the cell wall, are increasingly supported by evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on plant extracellular vesicles (EVs).
  • To discuss the nature, secretory mechanisms, and functions of plant EVs.
  • To highlight the role of EVs in plant defense and symbiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on plant EVs.
  • Synthesis of data on EV biogenesis and secretion pathways.
  • Analysis of functional studies concerning plant EVs.

Main Results:

  • Plants release EVs via UPS, contributing to intercellular communication.
  • Plant EVs mediate unconventional protein secretion and RNA transport.
  • Evidence supports diverse functions for plant EVs, including pathogen defense and symbiosis.

Conclusions:

  • Plant EVs are increasingly recognized as important mediators of cellular processes.
  • Understanding EV secretion mechanisms is key to elucidating their roles.
  • EVs play significant roles in plant immunity and symbiotic interactions.