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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

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Reversible Photocontrolled Nanopore Assembly.

Natalie L Mutter, Jana Volarić, Wiktor Szymanski1

  • 1University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology , University of Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ , Groningen , The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) to control cell membrane pore formation with light. This light-activated toxin shows potential for targeted cancer therapy and advanced nanopore sensing technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Self-assembly is crucial in biology, offering avenues to regulate cellular functions.
  • Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) forms cell membrane nanopores, leading to cell death.
  • Controlling FraC's self-assembly could enable precise regulation of cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a light-controlled Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) for remote regulation of nanopore assembly.
  • To investigate the potential of photocontrolled FraC in cancer therapeutics and nanopore sensing devices.

Main Methods:

  • Photoswitchable azobenzene pendants were attached to FraC near its sphingomyelin binding pocket.
  • The binding affinity and pore-forming activity of modified FraC were assessed upon light irradiation.
  • Cell lysis assays and artificial lipid membrane experiments were conducted to evaluate photocontrol.

Main Results:

  • Modified FraC constructs exhibited reversible light-activated or deactivated binding to cell membranes.
  • One FraC construct, inactive in its thermal state, induced complete cancer cell lysis upon light exposure.
  • Selective light irradiation enabled the isolation of individual nanopores in artificial lipid membranes.

Conclusions:

  • Photocontrolled FraC offers a novel method for precise spatiotemporal regulation of nanopore formation.
  • This technology holds promise for applications in photopharmacology, particularly in cancer treatment.
  • Photocontrolled FraC can be utilized for fabricating nanopore arrays in advanced sensing devices.