Preterm birth as a risk factor for postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Perinatal Mental Health
• Reproductive Health
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Preterm birth is a significant global health concern.
• Postpartum depression affects a substantial number of mothers.
• The relationship between preterm birth and postpartum depression requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and critically analyze studies examining preterm birth as a risk factor for postpartum depression.
• To synthesize evidence through meta-analysis on the association between preterm birth and postpartum depression.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of studies published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases.
• Data extraction guided by the PRISMA model for systematic reviews.
• Meta-analysis conducted on a subset of eligible studies.

Main Results:

• A total of 26 studies were analyzed, with 12 included in the meta-analysis.
• Most studies indicated an association between preterm birth and postpartum depression.
• Meta-analysis revealed an increased risk of postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants up to 24 weeks postpartum.

Conclusions:

• Evidence suggests a link between preterm birth and increased risk of postpartum depression.
• Methodological limitations, including confounding variables and varied assessment tools, highlight the need for further research.
• Maternal mental health support for mothers of preterm infants is crucial, with emphasis on early postpartum screening for postpartum depression.