Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ranks01:02

Ranks

464
Unlike parametric methods, nonparametric statistics are ideal for nominal and ordinal data, requiring fewer assumptions about the population's nature or distribution. This makes nonparametric methods easier to apply and interpret, as they do not depend on parameters like mean or standard deviation. One common approach in nonparametric analysis is to sort data according to a specific criterion. For instance, we might arrange weather data from hottest to coldest days in a month or rank cities...
464
Spearman's Rank Correlation Test01:20

Spearman's Rank Correlation Test

1.4K
Spearman's rank correlation test, also known as Spearman's rho, is a nonparametric method for assessing the strength and direction of association between two variables. This test is particularly valuable when the data distribution is unknown or when the assumption of normality does not hold. Named after the English psychologist and statistician Dr. Charles Edward Spearman, it serves as the nonparametric counterpart to Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Spearman's test calculates correlation by...
1.4K
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test01:21

Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

719
The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, also known as the Mann-Whitney U test, is a nonparametric test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the distributions of two independent samples. This test is designed specifically for two independent populations and has the following key requirements:
719
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks01:21

Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks

485
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
485
The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test01:19

The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test

1.0K
The Mantel-Cox log-rank test is a widely used statistical method for comparing the survival distributions of two groups. It tests whether a statistically significant difference exists in survival times between the groups without assuming a specific distribution for the survival data, making it a non-parametric test. This flexibility makes the log-rank test particularly valuable in medical research and other fields where the timing of an event, such as death or disease recurrence, is of...
1.0K
Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs01:09

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

474
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...
474

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methodological weakness of the death-word-fragment task: Alternative implicit death anxiety measures.

Death studies·2020
Same author

Driver prototypes and behavioral willingness: Young driver risk perception and reported engagement in risky driving.

Journal of safety research·2018
Same author

Selecting anti-speeding messages for roadside application.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2018
Same author

Development and Initial Validation of the Five-Factor Model Adolescent Personality Questionnaire (FFM-APQ).

Journal of personality assessment·2017
Same author

Judged effectiveness of threat and coping appraisal anti-speeding messages.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2016
Same author

Evaluating a novice driver and pre-driver road safety intervention.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2013
Same journal

Modeling road-segment-level speeding risk of new energy vehicle taxis using a multistage framework with spatial spillover, endogeneity, and nonlinear effects.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same journal

Role of streetscape feature in pedestrian safety: A modified multi-level multiple membership model.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same journal

Assessing autonomous driving performance and environmental influencing factors using real-world operational trajectory data.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same journal

Multi-scale modeling of electric vehicle fatal crash risk: uncovering spatial heterogeneity and infrastructure-land use coupling mechanisms.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same journal

Differential sensitivity of self-reported driving and collision measures to aspects of shiftwork, sleep, and fatigue.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
Same journal

Delving into the visual attention of pedestrians during street crossing under time pressure: An eye-tracking approach.

Accident; analysis and prevention·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Ranks
01:02

Ranks

464

Rank-ordering anti-speeding messages.

A Ian Glendon1, Samantha Prendergast2

  • 1School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Centre for Work, Organisation and Wellbeing, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, 4222, Australia.

Accident; Analysis and Prevention
|August 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) effectively guides the creation of anti-speeding messages. Threat appraisal components were more effective than coping appraisal components in reducing driver speeding.

Keywords:
Coping appraisalIpsative methodologyMessage effectivenessProtection motivation theorySpeeding behaviorThird-person effectsThreat appraisalVariable message signs

More Related Videos

Spearman's Rank Correlation Test
01:20

Spearman's Rank Correlation Test

1.4K
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
01:21

Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

719

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Ranks
01:02

Ranks

464
Spearman's Rank Correlation Test
01:20

Spearman's Rank Correlation Test

1.4K
Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
01:21

Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

719

Area of Science:

  • Road safety research
  • Psychological theories of behavior change
  • Traffic psychology

Background:

  • Speeding is a significant global road safety concern.
  • Effective anti-speeding campaigns are crucial for reducing road trauma.
  • Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) offers a framework for understanding health behavior change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in developing impactful anti-speeding messages.
  • To explore how different PMT components influence message perception and effectiveness.
  • To investigate third-person effects in the perception of anti-speeding messages.

Main Methods:

  • 81 Australian drivers rated 18 anti-speeding messages derived from PMT.
  • Messages were assessed for perceived effectiveness in reducing personal and general driver speeding.
  • A mixed-methods approach was used, comparing ipsative and normative data.

Main Results:

  • Messages based on PMT's threat appraisal components (severity, vulnerability, counter-rewards) were rated as more effective.
  • Both third-person and reverse third-person effects were observed in message perception.
  • Males perceived threat appraisal messages as more effective for self-regulation compared to females.

Conclusions:

  • PMT is a valuable theoretical basis for designing effective anti-speeding road safety messages.
  • Threat appraisal components are particularly potent in influencing driver attitudes towards speeding.
  • Further research should explore nuanced applications of PMT in traffic safety campaigns.