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A Novel Bacterium-Like Particle Vaccine Displaying the MERS-CoV Receptor-Binding Domain Induces Specific Mucosal and

Entao Li1,2, Hang Chi3,4, Pei Huang2,5

  • 1College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.

Viruses
|September 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

A novel bacterium-like particle vaccine displaying the MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain shows promise for preventing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. Adjuvant-enhanced formulations stimulated robust immune responses in mice, particularly in mucosal tissues.

Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Immunology
  • * Vaccine Development
  • * Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • * Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe respiratory illness and global concern since 2012.
  • * Urgent need for effective prophylactics and therapeutics against MERS-CoV.
  • * Bacterium-like particle (BLP) technology offers a novel vaccine platform.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop and evaluate a MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain (RBD)-displaying BLP vaccine.
  • * To investigate the impact of protein anchor design on RBD binding and immunogenicity.
  • * To assess the efficacy of the vaccine candidate in a mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • * Engineered gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles to display MERS-CoV RBD via protein anchors (PA) with varying lysin motif (LysM) repeats.
  • * Constructed fusion proteins: RBD-linker-PA2 (RLP2), RBD-linker-PA3 (RLP3), and RBD-PA3 (RP3).
  • * Intranasal immunization of mice with RLP3-GEM, with or without GEL01 adjuvant, followed by immune response analysis.

Main Results:

  • * Fusion proteins with three LysM repeats and a linker demonstrated enhanced RBD binding.
  • * GEL01-adjuvanted RLP3-GEM significantly boosted systemic humoral and cellular immunity in mice.
  • * The vaccine candidate induced strong local mucosal immune responses, notably in the intestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • * The MERS-CoV BLP vaccine candidate, particularly RLP3-GEM with adjuvant, effectively elicits comprehensive immune responses.
  • * This BLP-based vaccine shows significant potential as a mucosal vaccine for MERS-CoV prevention.
  • * Further development is warranted to establish this platform as a viable MERS-CoV prophylactic.
Keywords:
MERS-CoVbacterium-like particlesintranasal administrationmucosal immunesubunit vaccine

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