Intraoperative video consultation expedites and improves surgical care. Here, we present a case where intraoperative video consultation between a rural hospital and an academic hepatobiliary surgeon facilitated immediate diagnosis of bile duct transection during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, direct to operating room transfer between centers, and injury repair with robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.

Source: Derek Wilson, Asantha Cooray, PhD, Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA
Light travels at different speeds depending on the material through which it is propagating. When light travels from one material to another, it will either slow down or speed up. In order to conserve energy and momentum, the light must change the direction in which it propagates. This bending of light is known as refraction. Some fraction of...

This paper presents the protocols and clinical validation data for using a smartphone app to subjectively measure refractive...

In a dataset, the 5-number summary includes the minimum data value, the data value of the first quartile, the median data value or data value of the second quartile, the data value of the third quartile, and the maximum data value. These 5 data values can be visualized as a box and whisker plot.
In a box plot, the minimum and maximum data values represent the lower and upper whiskers in the graph, and the median is designated as the center of the box in the chart. The first quartile and third...

This protocol describes the fabrication of microfluidic devices from MY133-V2000 to eliminate artifacts that often arise in microchannels due to the mismatching refractive indices between microchannel structures and an aqueous solution. This protocol uses an acrylic holder to compress the encapsulated device, improving adhesion both chemically and...