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Reproductive Science in Sharks and Rays.

Linda M Penfold1, Jennifer T Wyffels2

  • 1South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, FL, USA. Linda.Penfold@sezarc.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 1, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sharks and rays face extinction due to human activities and slow reproduction. New non-lethal reproductive technologies offer hope for managing these vulnerable elasmobranchs and understanding environmental impacts.

Keywords:
Artificial inseminationElasmobranchEndocrinologyReproductionSeasonalitySpermatozoaUltrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Conservation Science
  • Reproductive Physiology

Background:

  • Sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes) are highly endangered due to habitat loss, overfishing, and slow reproductive rates.
  • Despite their diversity, fundamental knowledge of elasmobranch reproductive physiology remains limited for many species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current non-lethal reproductive technologies for sharks and rays.
  • To highlight the role of environmental factors, particularly temperature, in elasmobranch reproduction.
  • To discuss how these technologies can aid conservation efforts and mitigate anthropogenic impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing non-lethal techniques like ultrasound and hormone analysis for data collection.
  • Employing semen collection, artificial insemination, and sperm cryopreservation for population management.
  • Implementing computer-assisted sperm assessment and intra-uterine satellite tagging for research.

Main Results:

  • Steroid hormone roles in elasmobranch reproduction are conserved but sensitive to environmental cues like temperature.
  • Elasmobranchs are vulnerable to reproductive disruption from climate change, specifically ocean warming.
  • Advanced reproductive technologies provide tools to assess environmental impacts and manage vulnerable populations.

Conclusions:

  • Non-lethal reproductive technologies are crucial for understanding and conserving endangered sharks and rays.
  • Environmental changes pose significant risks to elasmobranch reproductive success.
  • Continued development and application of these technologies are vital for mitigating threats and ensuring the future of these species.