An overview of myopia genetics.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genetics
• Public Health

Background:

• Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment globally, with rapidly increasing prevalence.
• High myopia shows familial aggregation, indicating a strong genetic contribution to its development.
• Genetic factors are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to myopia pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated overview of genetic findings in non-syndromic myopia.
• To highlight the role of genetic factors in myopia development and progression.
• To explore how understanding genetic basis can aid in myopia prevention.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent molecular technologies including linkage analysis, candidate gene authentication, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
• Analysis of identified myopia-associated loci, genetic mutations, and variants.
• Examination of ethnic variations in myopia occurrence and associated genetic components.

Main Results:

• Numerous myopia-associated genetic loci, mutations, and variants have been identified through advanced molecular technologies.
• Significant ethnic variations exist in myopia prevalence and the genetic components influencing myopia-related phenotypes.
• Genetic factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both general and high myopia.

Conclusions:

• Genetic research has identified key factors contributing to myopia.
• Understanding the genetic basis of myopia is essential for effective prevention strategies.
• Further research into genetic components can help mitigate the public health impact of myopia.