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Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines in an Australian population: A case-control study
Parveen Fathima1, Thomas L Snelling2, Robyn A Gibbs3
1School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth Western Australia 6009, Australia; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia.
Insights
Both rotavirus vaccines (RV1 and RV5) effectively prevent rotavirus infections in children under 5. Even partial vaccination offers significant protection against rotavirus illness.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
- Public Health Surveillance
Background:
- Australia's National Immunisation Program includes rotavirus vaccines (RV1 and RV5) since 2007.
- Western Australia utilized RV1 then switched to RV5, necessitating effectiveness assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines (RV1 and RV5) against confirmed and notified rotavirus infections in children under 5 years old.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study compared children with rotavirus infection to those with Campylobacter or Salmonella infection.
- Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using adjusted odds ratios from an immunization register.
Main Results:
- Overall VE for a full course of either vaccine was 72%.
- Partial vaccination showed 71% effectiveness.
- Complete RV5 (3-dose) VE was 82%, and RV1 (2-dose) VE was 73%.
Conclusions:
- Both RV1 and RV5 vaccines are effective in preventing rotavirus infections in young children.
- Incomplete vaccination courses still provide substantial protection.
Objective:
Two rotavirus vaccines (RV1 and RV5) were included in the publicly funded National Immunisation Program in Australia from July 2007. The programme in Western Australia initially provided RV1 (at ages 2 and 4 months) and then switched to RV5 (at ages 2, 4 and 6 months) from July 2009. This retrospective case-control study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine against laboratory confirmed and notified cases of rotavirus infection among children aged <5 years.
Methods:
Case-subjects were identified as vaccine-eligible children (born from 1 May 2007) who were notified as having rotavirus infection during the period 2009-2011. The control group was vaccine-eligible children notified as having Campylobacter or Salmonella infection during the same period. Individual rotavirus immunisation status was ascertained from a population-based immunisation register. Full-dose and partial-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) were calculated for both vaccines using the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of vaccination for cases versus controls (VE = (1 - OR)*100%).
Results:
Overall, 282 cases and 883 controls were included. The adjusted VE for a full course of either rotavirus vaccine was 72% (95% CI: 56-82) and 71% (95% CI: 50-84) for partial vaccination (one dose of RV1 or one/two doses of RV5). The VE for a complete 3-dose course of RV5 was 82% (95% CI: 59-92) and for a full 2-dose course of RV1 was 73% (95% CI: 55-83).
Conclusions:
RV1 and RV5 were both effective in preventing laboratory confirmed and notified rotavirus infections among children aged <5 years. Even incomplete courses of vaccination conferred good protection.
