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Related Concept Videos

True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

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Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
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Memory Development: Demonstrating How Repeated Questioning Leads to False Memories07:59

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Source: Laboratories of Judith Danovitch and Nicholaus Noles—University of Louisville
A person is defined as a unique individual based on the people and events they encounter in their lives. Thus, creating, storing, and recalling memories are essential elements of the human experience. However, memory, as adults experience it, takes time to develop. Although young children can learn facts and remember details of their lives from moment-to-moment and day-to-day, they do not create...
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The current methodology is designed to provide an ecologically relevant approach for measuring the veracity, length and quality of children's true and false testimonies. Implications of the current methodology for future research and professionals who interview children will also be...
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False Memories01:18

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory07:26

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Here we present the Deese, Roediger and McDermott (DRM) task, a tool to study false memories in the laboratory. Subjects study lists of semantically related words (e.g., nurse, sick, etc.), and later falsely remember an unstudied word (doctor) that represents the gist, or theme, of the word...
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[Myalgia and statins: Separating the true from the false].

Jacques Blacher1, Eric Bruckert2, Michel Farnier3

  • 1AP-HP, université Paris-Descartes, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre de diagnostic et de thérapeutique, 75004 Paris, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|September 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Statin-associated muscle symptoms occur more frequently in observational studies than clinical trials. Differentiating true side effects from nocebo effects is key for managing statin intolerance.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Statin therapy is widely used for cholesterol management.
  • Adverse muscle effects associated with statins present a clinical challenge.
  • Reported incidence of statin-induced myopathy varies significantly between trial and observational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of statin-associated muscle symptoms.
  • To differentiate between drug-dependent adverse effects and nocebo responses.
  • To guide clinical management strategies for patients with suspected statin intolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of incidence data from therapeutic trials versus observational studies.
  • Analysis of symptom characteristics indicative of drug causality.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for statin-induced myopathy.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies report higher incidences (up to 20%) of muscle symptoms compared to clinical trials (<5%).
  • Symptoms are drug- and dose-dependent, often appearing within a month of statin initiation.
  • Symmetrical symptoms affecting large muscle groups and resolving post-discontinuation suggest causality.

Conclusions:

  • Distinguishing true statin adverse effects from nocebo phenomena is crucial for patient care.
  • Management of suspected statin intolerance should involve dose adjustments or alternative lipid-lowering agents.
  • Prompt recognition and appropriate management prevent therapeutic impasses in statin-treated patients.